Any schoolboy knows that the Earth is not a perfect sphere but is slightly flattened at the poles. What we do not ever, that two English scientists participated in this discovery.
Jorge Juan (1713-1773) born in Novelda and Antonio Ulloa (1716-1795), Seville, played an important role in determining the exact shape of the Earth.
There were two theories: Newton Maupertius scientists, proposed that the Earth is slightly flattened at the poles (orange form), and second, Cassini, astronomer of Louis XIV, and Descartes postulated that the shape was flattened in Ecuador (a lemon). To settle the scientific controversy, the French sent two expeditions to Lapland and one another to Quito, to measure the arc corresponding to a degree of latitude. If Newton was right, the arc of a meridian degree would be longer at the poles than near the Earth Ecuador.
The first issue went to Finland in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Gulf of Bothnia. It was directed by Maupertius and within a year, between 1736 and 1737, made their measurements.
The expedition to Ecuador presented more difficulties. The territory belonged to the English crown, and Louis XIV asked permission to her cousin Philip V, for an issue of the Academie Royale des Sciences de Paris formed by Louis Godin, Pierre Bouguer and Charles M. de la Condamine, travel to Quito, to measure a meridian arc. Felipe V had agreed, on the condition involving also English. Surprisingly, they chose two young midshipmen: Jorge Juan that had 21 years, and their colleagues in academia military called "The Euclid" as a mathematician and Antonio Ulloa, 19 as a naturalist, who did not have the prestige and scientific recognition of their French colleagues and, in principle, had the task of monitoring the movements of the French English territory.
measurements lasted from 1736 to 1744. The five researchers are divided into groups. Subsequent commissions have studied the work and concluded that the most accurate were those who got Jorge Juan. Estimated the linear value for one degree of meridian in Ecuador 56767.788 yards. The fathom was the unit of length that was used in France, was higher than the value measured in Lapland (57,437.9 T), confirming the hypothesis of Newton on the shape of the earth.
finally decided to return on different ships, in order to ensure that one of the duplicates of the notes and calculations to reach its destination. Shipped on October 22, 1744 in two French frigates. Jorge Juan arrived in Brest on October 31, 1745. From there he went to Paris to exchange views on their work and compare some characteristics observed by him and Godin in his astronomical observations, astronomers know the famous Marian, Clairaut and La Caille, authors of the formulas had been used many times. Reaumur met, inventor of the thermometer and other famous scholars, accompanied by La Condamine and Bourguer, reinstated in their activities, voted him a corresponding member of the Royal Academie des Sciences.
Antonio de Ulloa had more difficulties. His frigate captured by the British, who declared war on France during the voyage, had to throw water to the documentation involved, and no relation to the degree, physical and astronomical observations, and historical information that he gave not without warning interest of all nations of Europe had shown in this business.
He was taken prisoner near Portsmouth, but the Duke of Bedford was granted freedom by saying that the war should not offend the sciences, or arts, or their teachers. went to London, where the Minister of State Earl of Harrington, who was ambassador to Spain, proposed as a Member of the Royal Society.
addition to measurements, Antonio de Ulloa in his studies of mining was the first to speak on the deck or platinum as different mineral silver and gold.
http://www.jorgejuan.net/ESPANOL/Marino/0biografia.htm
http://www.mgar.net/exp/ulloa.htm
http://www.mappinginteractivo.com / template-ante.asp? id_articulo = 1348
Jorge Juan (1713-1773) born in Novelda and Antonio Ulloa (1716-1795), Seville, played an important role in determining the exact shape of the Earth.
There were two theories: Newton Maupertius scientists, proposed that the Earth is slightly flattened at the poles (orange form), and second, Cassini, astronomer of Louis XIV, and Descartes postulated that the shape was flattened in Ecuador (a lemon). To settle the scientific controversy, the French sent two expeditions to Lapland and one another to Quito, to measure the arc corresponding to a degree of latitude. If Newton was right, the arc of a meridian degree would be longer at the poles than near the Earth Ecuador.
The first issue went to Finland in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Gulf of Bothnia. It was directed by Maupertius and within a year, between 1736 and 1737, made their measurements. The expedition to Ecuador presented more difficulties. The territory belonged to the English crown, and Louis XIV asked permission to her cousin Philip V, for an issue of the Academie Royale des Sciences de Paris formed by Louis Godin, Pierre Bouguer and Charles M. de la Condamine, travel to Quito, to measure a meridian arc. Felipe V had agreed, on the condition involving also English. Surprisingly, they chose two young midshipmen: Jorge Juan that had 21 years, and their colleagues in academia military called "The Euclid" as a mathematician and Antonio Ulloa, 19 as a naturalist, who did not have the prestige and scientific recognition of their French colleagues and, in principle, had the task of monitoring the movements of the French English territory.
measurements lasted from 1736 to 1744. The five researchers are divided into groups. Subsequent commissions have studied the work and concluded that the most accurate were those who got Jorge Juan. Estimated the linear value for one degree of meridian in Ecuador 56767.788 yards. The fathom was the unit of length that was used in France, was higher than the value measured in Lapland (57,437.9 T), confirming the hypothesis of Newton on the shape of the earth.
finally decided to return on different ships, in order to ensure that one of the duplicates of the notes and calculations to reach its destination. Shipped on October 22, 1744 in two French frigates. Jorge Juan arrived in Brest on October 31, 1745. From there he went to Paris to exchange views on their work and compare some characteristics observed by him and Godin in his astronomical observations, astronomers know the famous Marian, Clairaut and La Caille, authors of the formulas had been used many times. Reaumur met, inventor of the thermometer and other famous scholars, accompanied by La Condamine and Bourguer, reinstated in their activities, voted him a corresponding member of the Royal Academie des Sciences.
Antonio de Ulloa had more difficulties. His frigate captured by the British, who declared war on France during the voyage, had to throw water to the documentation involved, and no relation to the degree, physical and astronomical observations, and historical information that he gave not without warning interest of all nations of Europe had shown in this business.
He was taken prisoner near Portsmouth, but the Duke of Bedford was granted freedom by saying that the war should not offend the sciences, or arts, or their teachers. went to London, where the Minister of State Earl of Harrington, who was ambassador to Spain, proposed as a Member of the Royal Society.
addition to measurements, Antonio de Ulloa in his studies of mining was the first to speak on the deck or platinum as different mineral silver and gold.
http://www.jorgejuan.net/ESPANOL/Marino/0biografia.htm
http://www.mgar.net/exp/ulloa.htm
http://www.mappinginteractivo.com / template-ante.asp? id_articulo = 1348
0 comments:
Post a Comment